History of Algeria

The history of Algeria begins with the indigenous Berber peoples who inhabited North Africa for millennia. The region saw the rise of various ancient civilizations including the Phoenicians, Romans, and Vandals.

Key Developments:

• Berber kingdoms established throughout North Africa
• Phoenician trading posts founded along the coast
• Roman conquest and establishment of provinces
• Construction of major cities like Timgad and Djemila

The Arab conquest brought Islam to Algeria in the 7th century, fundamentally transforming the region's culture, language, and architecture. Various Islamic dynasties ruled, including the Almoravids, Almohads, and Marinids.

Major Events:

• Introduction of Islam and Arabic language
• Establishment of centers of Islamic learning
• Construction of magnificent mosques and madrasas
• Flourishing trans-Saharan trade routes

Algeria became part of the Ottoman Empire in the 16th century, ruled by Turkish governors called Deys. This period saw the rise of the famous Barbary corsairs and the development of Algiers as a major Mediterranean power.

Notable Features:

• Barbary corsairs dominated Mediterranean trade
• Construction of the Casbah of Algiers
• Algiers became wealthy from maritime activities
• Semi-autonomous rule under Ottoman suzerainty

French colonization began in 1830 and lasted 132 years. This period brought significant changes to Algerian society, including the introduction of French language and culture, while also leading to resistance movements and the eventual independence struggle.

Key Developments:

• French conquest and establishment of colonial rule
• Development of modern infrastructure
• Resistance led by Emir Abdelkader and others
• Rise of nationalist movements

The Algerian War of Independence began on November 1, 1954, led by the National Liberation Front (FLN). After eight years of fierce fighting, Algeria finally achieved independence on July 5, 1962.

Historic Moments:

• November 1, 1954 - Revolution begins
• Formation of the National Liberation Front
• Evian Accords signed in 1962
• Independence declared July 5, 1962

Since independence, Algeria has focused on nation-building, economic development, and establishing its place in the international community. The country has leveraged its oil and gas resources while working to diversify its economy.

Achievements:

• Development of hydrocarbon industry
• Expansion of education and healthcare
• Modern infrastructure development
• Active role in African and Arab affairs